The Holy Qurbono

The bread of the Eucharist in the Eastern rites is leavened and divided into twelve sections impressed with twelve crosses. This bread is known as 'Bukhro', meaning 'first-born,' symbolizing the offering of the 'first-fruits' and representing Christ, the 'first-born' of the Father (Colossians 1:15). The bread is placed in the paten (pinko), which is somewhat deep and typically has three legs.

The chalice (koso), used to hold wine mixed with water, resembles the Western chalice in form. The wine represents the blood of Christ, while the water signifies the offering of the Church, joined with His sacrifice.

The 'star' (kaukbo), composed of two crossed metal hoops, protects the bread on the paten when it is covered with the veil (hupoyo) during the Qurbana. Historically, both the chalice and paten were covered with metal lids, a practice still observed in some places.

The spoon (tarwodo) is used by the priest to receive communion from the chalice. It is customarily placed on a small cushion (gomuro), which can also be used to wipe the mouth and fingers. A sponge (espugo) was traditionally used to purify the chalice, but this is now commonly replaced by a purificator. A small finger-bowl (m'shamshonitho), meaning 'deaconess,' is used to cleanse the fingers when they come into contact with the Sacred Host.

In addition to the two small veils (hupoyos) used to cover the chalice and paten during the Qurbana, there is a large silk veil (shushepo) spread over the oblations at the offertory. This veil holds rich symbolic significance and is solemnly waved over the gifts before the Consecration.

The fan (marwah'tho) is a metal disc engraved with the image of a seraph, adorned with small bells and fixed on a staff. It is carried in processions and shaken during the most solemn parts of the Qurbana, symbolizing the adoration of the angels.

The censer (pirmo), featuring short chains with twelve small bells, is swung to its full length during the Qurbana. The censer undergoes a solemn blessing during the service, with symbolic meaning attached to its four chains:

1. The first chain represents the Father.
2. The second and third chains represent the Son in His two natures.
3. The fourth chain represents the Holy Spirit.

It is customary to use incense during every Qurbana, signifying reverence and prayer.